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“When this cool plasma rises, a brightening appears underneath it. That brightening turns into a campfire,” says Panesar, of Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory in Palo Alto, Calif.

Such cool plasma structures also precede coronal jets, another of the sun’s recurring explosions. The findings suggest these plasma structures are more common than previously believed, Panesar says, and that many solar eruptions — campfires, jets, flares and mass ejections — arise in a similar fashion.

Flares and mass ejections occur when magnetic fields of opposite polarities get tangled and cancel one another out, leading to a powerful release of energy. Campfires are believed to be produced via similar mechanisms, though a full understanding has so far eluded researchers.

Since campfires tend to be between half a million and 2.5 million degrees Celsius, they are thought to help heat the sun’s million-degree atmosphere, the corona. Understanding why the corona is so much hotter than the sun’s surface, which is a mere 5500° C, has been a longstanding problem for solar physicists ().