一种制造钻石的新方法不需要极高的压力_科技_分类专题

众所周知，自然界中的钻石是在地幔的巨大压力下形成的。但一项新的实验室技术使钻石可以跳过挤压。

生产人造钻石最常见的方法是高压高温生长(HPHT)，需要大约5千兆帕斯卡的压力，与钻石自然形成的上地幔相似。利用这种技术，溶解在液态金属中的碳在1400摄氏度左右的温度下形成钻石。

但科学家们在4月24日的《自然》杂志上报告说，钻石可以在常压下在镓、铁、镍和硅的液体中生长，这种液体暴露在富含碳的甲烷和氢气的气体中。该技术还需要低于高温的温度:1025°c。物理化学家罗德尼·鲁夫说，硅的加入似乎启动了生长的初始阶段，允许一小部分金刚石成核。从那里开始，晶体的其余部分可以生长。

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The demand for diamonds isn’t just about gemstones. Scientists can use diamonds for everything from sensing magnetic fields to searching for new subatomic particles (SN: 9/19/22; SN: 6/17/19). The new method could make generating such materials easier. “The syntheses need not depend on expensive or complicated equipment,” says Ruoff, of the Institute for Basic Science Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials in Ulsan, South Korea.

Another technique to produce diamonds in the lab, called chemical vapor deposition, or CVD, takes place at low pressures, with a vapor of carbon-rich gas being deposited on a surface. Unlike CVD and HPHT, the new technique doesn’t make use of a diamond “seed,” an initial bit of diamond to kick off the growth.

CVD and HPHT are widely used in the jewelry industry. It remains to be seen whether the new technique will make diamonds destined for bling.

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